Legal Analysis of the Decision of the Constitutional Court's Honorary Council Number 2/MKMK/L/11/2023 Concerning Violations of the Code of Ethics of Constitutional Court Judges
Keywords:
Constitutional Court; Judicial Independence; Violation of the Code of EthicsAbstract
The Constitutional Court (MK) is a constitutional guardian institution with the primary authority to review laws against the 1945 Constitution. However, the MK's independence has come under scrutiny after Chief Justice Anwar Usman was found guilty of a serious ethical violation in MK Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates. This case was examined through the decision of the Constitutional Court's Honorary Council (MKMK) Number 2/MKMK/L/11/2023, which is the focus of this research study. The problem formulation studied is the MKMK's legal considerations in deciding the ethical violation case and its implications for the validity of MK Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023. This research uses a normative or doctrinal legal method with a library study approach that examines primary and secondary legal materials. The analysis shows that the Constitutional Court (MKMK), in its considerations, affirms the finality of the Constitutional Court's decision but ignores flaws in the decision-making process that have been proved to violate the code of ethics, such as conflicts of interest, intervention by other judges, and leaks of information from the Judges' Deliberation Meeting (RPH). These violations violate the principles of impartiality, independence, and integrity of constitutional judges. The implications of the MKMK ruling indicate that this ethical violation undermines the legitimacy of Constitutional Court Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 and erodes public trust in the constitutional courts. This situation creates a negative precedent for internal oversight of judges and emphasises the need for fundamental reforms in the constitutional court system, particularly through strengthening oversight mechanisms, enforcing discipline, and strengthening judicial professionalism. Therefore, this study emphasises the importance of striking a balance between the finality of decisions and ethical accountability to maintain the credibility of the Constitutional Court as a guardian of the constitution and a pillar of the rule of law.
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