Legal Certainty in Trade Receivable Disputes As Reviewed from Klaten District Court Decision Number 14/Pid.B/2022/PN KLN

Abstract

The shift from civil dispute resolution to the criminal realm has become a significant concern in Indonesian legal practice, particularly in trade receivables disputes. Many breach of contract cases in commercial relationships that should be resolved through civil mechanisms are instead processed as criminal offenses, creating uncertainty regarding the boundaries between civil and criminal law. This issue raises concerns regarding the application of the principle of legal certainty, especially for business actors facing uncertainty in resolving disputes. The Klaten District Court Decision Number 14/Pid.B/2022/PN KLN is used as a concrete example in this study.

This research examines the application of the principle of legal certainty in resolving trade receivables disputes and how judges distinguish between breach of contract as a civil violation and alleged criminal acts. This study aims to assess the role of courts in providing legal protection and preventing arbitrary criminalization of civil disputes.

The research applies a normative juridical method using a case study approach and statutory approach. Data were obtained from court decisions, legal documents, and relevant legal literature. The analysis was conducted qualitatively through interpretation of legal norms and their application.

The results show that the judge firmly categorized the case as a civil matter and rejected the criminalization of breach of contract. This decision reinforces legal certainty, protects business actors, and emphasizes good faith and contractual responsibility. It also serves as a reference for law enforcement officials to respect the distinction between civil and criminal law and avoid misuse of criminal proceedings in resolving business disputes